Dr. Lawrence K. Gershwin

Dr. Gershwin received a B.S. in physics from the California Institute of Technology in 1963 and a Ph.D. in physics from the University of California, Berkeley in 1969.

After serving as a postdoctoral associate at Columbia and Stanford Universities from 1969 to 1972, he joined the Institute for Defense Analyses, where he worked on several studies for the Department of Defense on advanced technology systems for conventional and nuclear warfare. He was with the Rand Corporation from 1975 to 1979, performing studies for the Department of Defense on land warfare systems, strategic conflict analysis, and Soviet strategic force operations. He was in the Office of the Secretary of Defense, Program Analyses and Evaluation, from 1979 to 1981, with responsibilities in strategic force analysis, arms control, and net assessments.

Dr. Gershwin served as National Intelligence Officer for Strategic Programs from October 1981 to June 1994, supporting the Director of Central Intelligence. He chaired the preparation of National Intelligence Estimates and other Intelligence Community products, with responsibilities for strategic forces, proliferation, nuclear weapons security, strategic arms control monitoring, and space. He led the preparation of the annual assessment of Soviet strategic forces, the NIE 1 1-3/8 series, and the preparation ofNIEs on our capability to monitor the INF, START and nuclear testing treaties. He regularly conducted briefings for senior policymakers, military officials, and Congressional audiences.

He has served as National Intelligence Officer for Science and Technology since June 1994 preparing Intelligence Community products in many foreign science and technology areas. In October 2010, he was appointed as the National Intelligence Manager for Science and Technology, in addition to his duties as NIO/S&T. In 2014, Dr. Gershwin's title changed from NIM/NIO for S&T to NIM/NIO for Space and Technical Intelligence (S&TI).

He is currently responsible for analytic production, collection efforts, and the status and health of IC efforts in the following areas:

• Space and Counterspace Issues
• Global Science and Technology Developments
• Foreign Denial and Deception
• Underground Facilities
• Unconventional Current and Future Technical Collection Capabilities

While serving as National Intelligence Officer, he has received the awards of Distinguished Officer and Meritorious Officer in the Senior Intelligence Service. In 1989 he received the Distinguished Intelligence Medal, and in 1996 he received the National Intelligence Medal of Achievement. In October 2010 he received the AFCEA Charlie Allen Award for Intelligence Service. In 2013 he received the Meritorious Presidential Rank Award.